Study of the Meaning of Dwelling Features Based on Development of the Means-End Model

Document Type : Scientific Research

Authors

1 Assistant professor, Isfahan Art University, Isfahan, Iran

2 M.Sc. in Iranian Architecture Studies, Isfahan Art University, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Recent research in the field of dwelling studies combined with the integration of economic models has led to the creation of new methods for studying the properties of housing. The strength of these studies is to use it to review the different levels of housing planning. The necessity of this research is to develop a framework by which they can predict the needs and priorities of individuals in choosing dwelling and their implications for housing programs. Considering the exploratory nature of the problem of studying the meaning of dwelling features, the research method of this paper will be qualitative and based on rational reasoning. The process of collecting, analyzing the research data consists of two main stages: "collecting" and then "analyzing the data". The process of data collection includes the stages of research sampling, extraction of spatial features of the environment, extraction of behavioral characteristics, questionnaire design, structured semi-structured interviews and finally monitoring and review of observation and interview based data. After selecting appropriate research samples, the physical characteristics of the environment were documented by drawing architectural maps. Therefore, after performing the above steps and relying on the concepts of the theoretical framework of the research, a number of exploratory interviews were conducted to understand the categories in question. The purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire for semi-structured interviews in accordance with the means-end model. The interview process, based on the means-end model, was conducted according to the recording of spatial features and characteristics of housing behavior settings and research questionnaire. Information collected in the form of spatial order maps, diagrams of behavior settingss, images of environments and activities, content of interviews and researcher's perceptions of observation and interviews were analyzed and reviewed for its content. The information encoding approach by the above method is based on "open, axial and selective" encoding, which is used in this study. In the first step, all data were considered as "open coding". In the second step, the data was coded as "selective" in the analysis of spatial data, behavioral data analysis, and spatial regulation change data analysis. In the third step, the analytical data were "axially coded" to obtain the analytical points to conclude the research. The means-end model that has been used in the field of marketing has been used and developed in recent years through research in recent decades. The means-end model is a model that tries to attribute individual choices to their fundamental values and goals. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework of this study, the application of this method has been done in a case study of the housing environment, that the tangible process of explaining the propositions and the sequence diagram of the consequence-meaning of the features through the coding of research data within the framework of the means-end model be understandable. What the research is addressing is the need for new approaches in the field of housing studies using the means-end model, which state, how to optimize the process of using the means-end model in housing research.

Graphical Abstract

Study of the Meaning of Dwelling Features Based on Development of the Means-End Model

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

آذر, عادل. (1380). بسط و توسعه روش آنتروپی شانون برای پردازش داده‌ها در تحلیل محتوی. علوم انسانی دانشگاه الزهرا(س), 37 و 38, 18-1.
استراس, آنسلم. و جولیت کوربین. (1387). اصول روش تحقیق کیفی، نظریه مبانی رویه‌ها و شیوه‌ها. (بیوک محمدی, مترجم) تهران: انتشارات پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی.
افشاری, محسن. و شهرام پوردیهیمی. (1394). توالی معنادار فعالیتها در مسکن، مطالعه موردی ایل قشقائی. مطالعات معماری ایران, 7، 5-17.
افشاری, محسن. و شهرام پوردیهیمی. (1395). مقیاس‌های روش زندگی در مسکن. مسکن و محیط روستا, 154، 3-17.
افشاری, محسن. و شهرام پوردیهیمی. و بهرام صالح صدق‌پور. (1394). سازگاری محیط با روش زندگی انسان، یک چارچوب نظری، یک مطالعه موردی. مسکن و محیط روستا, 152، 3-16.
بازرگان, عباس. (1389). مقدمه‌ای بر روش‌های تحقیق کیفی و آمیخته، رویکرد‌های متداول در علوم رفتاری. تهران: نشر دیدار.
رنجبر, هادی., & دیگران. (1391). نمونه‌گیری در پژوهش‌های کیفی: راهنمایی برای شروع. دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران, 3, 250-238.
سرمد, زهره., بازرگان, عباس., & حجازی, الهه. (1390). روش‌های تحقیق در علوم رفتاری. تهران: نشر آگه.
کریپندورف, کلوس. (1390). تحلیل محتوا، مبانی روش‌شناسی. (هوشنگ نایبی, مترجم) تهران: نشر نی.
کولن، هنی. (1397)، معنای خصوصیات مسکن، مباحث مفهومی و روش‌شناختی. (محسن افشاری، مترجم). اصفهان: انتشارات دانشگاه هنر اصفهان.
میرجانی, ح. (1389). استدلال منطقی به مثابه روش پژوهش. صفه, 50, 35-50.
نورتقانی, عبدالمجید. (1391). معنا در مسکن، مدل یابی انتظام معنای مسکن ترکمن، رساله دکتری. تهران: دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
هومن, حیدرعلی. (1389). اندازه‌گیری‌های روانی و تربیتی (فن تهیه تست و پرسشنامه). تهران: موسسه چاپ و انتشارات پیک فرهنگ.
Afshari, Mohsen. Coolen, Henny. (2015). The Meanings of Spatial Sequences in Qashqai Dwellings. Open House International, 40 (3). pp. 68–75.
Ajzen, Icek. (1988), Attitudes, personality and behavior, Open University Press, Milton Keynes.
Ajzen, Icek. and Martin Fishbein (1980), Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
Blunt, Alison. and Robyn Dowling (2006), Home, Routledge, Abingdon.
Boumeester, Harry. (2004), Duurdere koopwoning en wooncarriere: een modelmatige analyse van de vraagontwikkeling aan de bovenkant van de Nederlandse koopwoningmarkt, Delft University Press, Delft.
Charmaz, Kathy. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory, a Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis. London: Sage Publications.
Chemero, Anthony. (2003). An Outline of a Theory of Affordances. Ecological Psychology, 15(2), 181-195.
Clark, William and Frans Dieleman (1996), Households and housing. Choice and outcomes in the housing market, New Brunswick, Center for Urban Research Policy, New Jersey.
Coolen, Henny. (2008). The meaning of dwelling features, Conceptual and methodological issues. Amsterdam: IOS Press.
De Jong, Gordon. and Robert Fawcett (1981), Motivations for migration: An assessment and a value-expectancy research model, in: De Jong, G.F. and R.W. Gardner (Eds), Migration decision making. Multidisciplinary approaches to microlevel studies in developed and developing countries, New York, Pergamon.
Després, Carole. (1991), The meaning of home: literature review and directions for future research and theoretical development, Architectural and planning research, 8, pp. 96-115.
Gibson, James. (1986), the ecological approach to visual perception, Erlbaum, Mahwah.
Gutman, Jonathan. (1982), A means-end chain model based on consumer categorization processes, Journal of Marketing, 46, pp. 60-72.
Heft, Harry. (2001), Ecological psychology in context. James Gibson, Roger Barker, and the legacy of William James’s radical empiricism, Erlbaum, Mahwah.
Lindberg, Erik. Tommy Gӓrling, Henry Montgomery and Rolf Waara (1987), People’s evaluation of housing attributes. A study of underlying beliefs and values, Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research, 4, pp. 81-103.
Mallett, Shelly. (2004), Understanding home: a critical review of the literature, The Sociological Review. 52, pp. 62-89.
Meesters, Janine. (2009). The meaning of Activities in the dwelling and residential environment, A structural approch in people-environment relation. Amsterdam: IOS Press.
Moore, Jeanne. (2000), Placing home in context, Environmental Psychology, 20, pp. 207-217.
Mulder, Clara. (1996), Housing choice: Assumptions and approaches, Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 11, pp. 209-232.
Rapoport, Amos. (1988), Levels of meaning in the built environment, in: Poyatos, F. (Ed.), Cross-cultural perspectives in nonverbal communication, C. J. Hogrefe, Toronto, pp. 317-336.
Rapoport, Amos. (1990), The meaning of the built environment, University of Arizona Press, Tucson (2nd edition).
Rapoport, Amos. (1993). System of activities and system of settings. In S. kent, Domestic Architecture and the use of space, an interdisciplinary cross-cultural study (pp. 9-20). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rapoport, Amos. (1995), A critical look at the concept ‘home’, in: Benjamin, D. N. and D. Stea (Eds), The home: words, interpretations, meanings, and the environment, Aldershot, Avebury, pp. 25-52.
Reynolds, Thomas. and Jonathan Gutman (1988), Laddering theory, method, analysis, and interpretation, Journal of Advertising Research, 28, pp. 11-31.
Timmermans, Harry. Eric Molin and Lily van Noortwijk (1994), Housing choice processes: Stated versus revealed modelling approaches, Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 9, pp. 215-227.
Journal of Architectural Thought
Volume 4, Issue 7 - Serial Number 7
April 2020
Pages 107-121

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics