Reducing energy consumption by optimization of blocks layout in hot and humid climate: The Case Study of Kish Island

Document Type : Scientific Research

Authors

1 Master Student of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Research Problem:
With the increasing of urban population in the present era, the growth and development of residential neighborhoods has been inevitable. This has led to increased energy consumption, which has led to many problems, including reduction of non-renewable energy sources and environmental pollution caused by greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, unprincipled constructions and growth of urban fabric, regardless of climatic characteristics have added to these problems and multiplied the amount of energy consumption. So that a major part of the amount of energy consumption in cities is belong to residential buildings and the layout of these buildings in the neighborhoods is one of the most important factors affecting it. However most of the research in this area has examined the energy consumption or thermal performance of buildings on small scale of a single building while the first step to reducing energy consumption is to pay attention to the correct placement and layout of buildings on a larger scale. This shows the importance of analyzing the thermal performance of buildings on a larger scale such as a neighborhood unit. The present study aims to achieve the most optimal layouts of building blocks that have the lowest energy consumption in hot and humid climate (case study of Kish Island) which has a special position due to special weather conditions and high speed of development and construction.
Research Question:
What is the relationship between the three parameters of blocks layout such as block length-to-width ratio, block orientation and height-to-lateral distance ratio with the amount of cooling and heating energy consumption at the scale of a neighborhood unit in a hot and humid climate?
Research Method:
In this study, first, the most important parameters of the blocks layout that affect the amount of energy consumption were identified by content analysis method. then by analytical-computational method and through Multi-parametric optimization by genetic algorithm, the identified parameters have been optimized in order to minimize cooling and heating energy consumption and subsequently the best patterns of blocks layout in a neighborhood unit with the lowest energy consumption have been extracted and analyzed. The softwares used in this research were parametric simulation software including Rhino and Grasshopper and plugins for calculating total annual energy consumption including Ladybug and Honeybee.
The Most Important Results and Conclusion:
The results of this study show that optimization of the residential blocks layout save up to 37% in energy consumption and the length to width ratio of the building has been the most effective parameter in energy consumption in this climate. Also, the most optimal blocks layouts were stepped layout with orientation toward the east and linear layout with orientation toward the west. The most optimal orientation recorded in this study was 0 to 10 degrees toward the west, which shows the different design conditions of a neighborhood unit compared to a single building, because the orientation toward the west reduces the penetration of western light into the site plan and Increases the shading of the southern blocks on the blocks behind them, and this condition will reduce the total cooling energy consumption of the entire neighborhood unit. The optimal lateral distance between the blocks in both north-south and east-west directions was between 10 to 20 meters (height to lateral distance ratio: 0.5 to 1). This ratio was closer to 0.5 in the north-south distances and closer to 1 in the east-west distances.

Graphical Abstract

Reducing energy consumption by optimization of blocks layout in hot and humid climate: The Case Study of Kish Island

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Architectural Thought
Volume 7, Issue 14 - Serial Number 14
October 2023
Pages 212-233

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