Explaining the components of attachment to place from the perspective of environmental psychology and behavioral sciences in architecture (Study case: Tehran Book Garden)

Research Problem:Nowadays, architecture, urban planning and environmental design play a very important role in creating and maintaining a favorable and suitable living environment for people, and are also known as powerful tools for improving the quality of human life. Built spaces and environments have a profound effect on people's perception, emotions and behavior. One of the basic and fundamental concepts in this concept is attachment to place, which has a significant impact on psychological health, personal and social identity, and life satisfaction. Failure to pay attention to this has caused many social and psychological problems throughout history and especially today.
Research Question: Now the question arises whether the emotional and meaningful connection of people with the environment of Tehran Bagh-e Ketab has been formed correctly?
Research Method:This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the components of attachment to a place from the perspective of environmental cognitive psychology in the architecture of the Bagh-e Ketab in Tehran, so that it can be evaluated from different behavioral dimensions, including the components of spatial identity, emotional attachment, place dependence and social connection. In this context, the Bagh-e Ketab of Tehran as a new urban public space has been investigated and analyzed. This cultural-entertainment complex, with its creative architecture and wide green spaces, has been able to find a special place in the minds and lives of citizens. The method of descriptive-analytical research is using library studies, field observations and questionnaires to collect data, which has been addressed by physical and field presence in Tehran Bagh-e Ketab and the design of a questionnaire appropriate to the topic. By using field methods and direct observation, the components of place attachment such as place identity, place dependence and emotional attachment have been identified and evaluated in this collection and the role of architectural and environmental design elements in creating these components and its direct and indirect impact. It has been analyzed on the contacts and users of the space. For this purpose, these components were randomly analyzed among 100 visitors of Tehran Bagh-e Ketab through evaluation questionnaire and data using SPSS26 software, and its mean, standard deviation and variance were calculated by statistical analysis and Its diagrams are drawn. The findings suggest that behavioral sciences, particularly in the context of environmental psychology, encompass two main subfields: place attachment and social attachment. This study focused on four critical dimensions of place attachment: place dependence, place identity, emotional attachment and social bonding. Among these four dimensions, place identityemerged as the most significant. This is primarily due to its strong link to culture, which plays a direct and profound role in shaping various aspects of life for different social groups. Culture’s deep-rooted impact on human experience renders place identity a crucial factor in establishing a lasting connection with a space. The cultural context embedded within the architecture and design of Tehran’s Bagh-e Ketab reinforces the users’ sense of belonging and attachment.
The Most Important Results and Conclusion: Therefore, based on the research conducted, it can be said that among the four main components of place attachment - place dependence, place identity, emotional attachment and social connection - the place identity component has the most importance and influence. Finally, the level of attachment to the place in Tehran Bagh-e Ketab is considered satisfactory and with the highest impact according to its average desirability. The design of Tehran Bagh-e Ketab has successfully fostered a sense of attachment and belonging among its users by emphasizing the relationship between man and nature, creating diverse spaces and environmental readability. By responding to the main and secondary needs, this building has been able to respond to the content and identity components to some extent in its body, and with the participation of the people, it has revived the sense of collective memories, solidarity, and the sense of belonging to the place, time, and the number of people present in the space. Increasing.