Systematic review of environmental components and landscapes affecting mental restoration

Document Type : Scientific Research

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate in architecture, Department of Architecture, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Research Center of Environment and Sustainable Development, Tehran, Iran

10.30479/at.2025.21200.2067

Abstract

Research Problem: Modern life requires attention to the continuous flow of information, and this long-term attention causes mental fatigue. Mental fatigue, as one of the problems of modern man, reduces mental efficiency and causes numerous other physical and psychological problems. One of the solutions to adjust this type of fatigue is to restore the mind of effort. Based on previous theoretical knowledge such as attention restoration theory (ART) and stress reduction theory (SRT), as well as previous studies, landscape and environmental variables are among the strategies for restoring the mind.
Research Question: The present study seeks to identify various environmental variables that affect mental recovery and summarize these variables according to the existing literature in this field of research. It also seeks to discover through which channels related to the human mind, mental recovery related to the environment occurs.
Research Method: This study was a systematic review to understand the similarities, differences, and research gaps in the field of human mental restoration. Therefore this paper reviewed studies conducted between 2010 and 2024 in the Science Direct, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, and Sage databases with a 15-year retrospective review. The scope of the review was limited to English-language publications within the fields of architecture and landscape architecture. Article selection was guided by the presence of keywords related to "mental restoration" and "mental fatigue" such as "Mental* fatigue", "Mental* fatigue" and environment*, "Mental* fatigue" and Landscape, "Psychological restoration" and environment* within the title, abstract, or main text. These keywords were selected by the researchers in a way that included the most articles published in the databases. Then, the summaries of the studies collected through content analysis were coded and categorized in the form of variables related to the environment and the mind. To summarize the aforementioned studies, the frequency of environmental variables was examined, and then relationship models between environmental and mental variables were drawn. The result of the search was the number of 3092 studies, after applying restrictions, 135 articles were found to be eligible for inclusion in the study.
The Most Important Results and Conclusion: This study revealed that investigations into mental restoration over the past 15 years have primarily been grounded in eleven core theoretical frameworks, despite diverse research approaches. Also, about half of recent studies have used questionnaires; however, the growth of mixed quantitative-qualitative research in recent years indicates the value of using these two methods together to compensate for the possible weaknesses of each. Variables associated with mental restoration in contemporary literature can be broadly categorized into four distinct groups: cultural-social, emotional, psychological, and cognitive-functional. The effect of the variable access to nature on mental restoration, attention restoration and stress reduction, the effect of the variable attractiveness, soundscape, water and fountains, the presence of shrubs and trees, distance and greenery and green space on mental restoration, and the effect of biophilic design on stress reduction were the most frequent relationships between the variables of the studies. Considering that the mentioned correlations have been repeated and confirmed in various researches, therefore the mentioned factors are very important in the discussion of mental restoration.

Graphical Abstract

Systematic review of environmental components and landscapes affecting mental restoration

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Architectural Thought
Volume 8, Issue 15 - Serial Number 15
Spring and Summer 2024
April 2024
Pages 38-57

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