Evaluating the contribution of green building criteria in evaluation of design courses in architecture undergraduate course using Shannon entropy

Document Type : Scientific Research

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, School of Art and Architecture, Shiraz University. Shiraz. Iran

2 Assistant Professor, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Student of Architecture and Energy, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, International University of Imam Khomeini, Ghazvin, Iran

Abstract

Research Problem: Buildings have a wide range of impacts on the environment in their life cycle. The negative effects of buildings, such as waste generation and using about 40% of energy resources, have led to take new approaches which One of them is the concept of green building in architecture. Currently, the construction industry in Iran accounts for one third of the country's energy consumption. Therefore, considering the principles of green building design and construction can play an important role in solving energy and reducing environmental problems. Although university education is one of the opportunities to guide and motivate architecture students to apply the principles of green architectural design, currently this issue has received less attention in undergraduate architecture education in Iran.
Research question: The main question of this article is seeking to find out the importance of green building criteria in evaluation of design courses in architecture undergraduate course from the perspective of professors.
Research Method: Therefore, this article aims to investigate the contribution of green building criteria in evaluation of design courses in architecture undergraduate course in Iran from the perspective of professors. Furthermore, this article seeks to determine the best design courses, which are most suitable for teaching green building criteria. Another goal of this article is finding the most effective obstecles in teaching green building criteria in universities of Iran. The mothod of the present study was conducted using descriptive research and statistical analysis. In the first step, the criteria and indicators in LEED and BREEAM systems are extracted as a criterion for measuring green buildings. In the second step, the importance of each criteria in the evaluation of student projects have been conducted using a questionnaire, from professors’ points of view in architecture design courses in different Iranian universities. The proposed method for teaching green architecture standards in design courses in the undergraduate course of architecture and limitations of teaching green architecture in Iranian university were collected. In the third step, the data were analysed using Shannon entropy method.
The Most Important Results and Conclusion: The findings of the analysis show that the priority of the criteria based on the average weight of the category is as follows one) water efficiency, two) site, three) transportation, four) energy and materials and resources with equal points in the fourth rank, and five) indoor air quality The results of this study show that assigning one of the architectural projects, especially the final design to teaching the principles of green building can be a good way to increase students' awareness of this issue. However, insufficient attention to green architecture in the curriculum and courses of undergraduate design is the most important obstacle to green architecture education and it is necessary to reconsider it revising the course curriculum. In this article, the hierarchy of criteria and indicators is extracted based on the current situation of architecture education in Iran which is not necessarily in line with the real needs of the country. Therefore, it is suggested that in future research, contribution of criteria and indicators of green buildings should be considered based on the real needs of the country to move towards achieving sustainable development goals.

Graphical Abstract

Evaluating the contribution of green building criteria in evaluation of design courses in architecture undergraduate course using Shannon entropy

Keywords

Main Subjects


احمدی، جواد، محسن فیضی، و معصومه احمدی. 1395. بررسی جایگاه و اهمیت دروس پایداری رشته معماری در مقطع کارشناسی. هویت شهر 10(2): 85-98. https://hoviatshahr.srbiau.ac.ir/article_9434.html?lang=en
ایرانمنش، محمد، و الهام خواجه‌پور. 1393. آموزش معماری پایدار یا آموزش پایدار معماری. هنرهای زیبا: معماری شهرسازی 19(1): 83-92. https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_55380.html?lang=fa
حسینی، سید باقر، سید مجید مفیدی شیرانی، و حسین مدی. 1387. آموزش معماری پایدار در ایران، موانع و گرایش‌ها. مجله فناوری و آموزش  2(3): 213-221. https://jte.sru.ac.ir/article_1294.html?lang=fa
خاتمی، سید محمد جعفر ، و محمد حسین فلاح. 1389. جایگاه آموزش پایداری در معماری و ساختمان. صفه 50: 21-34. https://soffeh.sbu.ac.ir/article_100382.html
رئیسی، زهرا، و مرتضی نیکروان. 1395. بررسی و مقایسه سیستم‌های متداول امتیازدهی ساختمان‌ها بر اساس شاخص‌های پایداری و مقایسه با مقررات ملی کشور.  نشریه معماری اقلیم گرم و خشک 4(4): 1-14. http://smb.yazd.ac.ir/article_939.html
سامه، رضا، و عباسعلی ایزدی. 1393. سازوکار داوری و سنجش طراحی در آموزش معماری پیشنهاد مدلی برای ارزیابی فرآیند و ارزشیابی طرح در تعامل استاد و دانشجو. هنر و معماری (معماری و شهرسازی ایران) 5(2): 1-13. http://www.isau.ir/article_61988.html?lang=en
شبیری، سید محمد، آلاله قائمی، و پونه قائمی. 1392. بررسی روند آموزش محیط زیست در برنامه‌های پنج ساله توسعه کشور و اراه راهکارهای مناسب جهت آموزش محیط زیست. آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار 1(4): 29-40. http://journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_895.html
عزیزی، شادی. 1389. ضرورت نظام منعطف آموزش معماری در راستای پاسخگویی به چالش‌های جهانی و بومی پایداری. هویت شهر 4(7): 43-52. http://hoviatshahr.srbiau.ac.ir/article_1134.html?lang=fa
غفاری، سعید، و حمیدرضا عباسیان جهرمی. 1398. ارزیابی شرایط عمومی پیمان از منظر تطابق با مفاهیم ساختمان‌های سبز و ارائه راهکارهایی به منظور بهبود آن. مهندسی عمران شریف 2-35(1): 47-57. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=506826
محمدپور زرندی، حامد، مجید عباسپور طهرانی فرد، و رضا ارجمندی. 1395. تدوین راهبردهای مدیریتی برای توسعه ساختمان‌های سبز (مطالعه موردی: منطقه 1 شهرداری تهران). اقتصاد: اقتصاد و مدیریت شهری 4(16): 71-86. http://iueam.ir/article-۱-۵۴۶-fa.html
محمدی، مهدی، و فهیمه عزیزپور. 1392. ارزیابی تناسب برنامه درسی تدوین‌شده زیست‌محیطی در رشته‌های مهندسی عمران، معماری و کشاورزی با معیارهای توسعه پایدار زیست محیطی. فصلنامه آموزش مهندسی ایران 15(59): 75-92. http://ijee.ias.ac.ir/article_3960.html?lang=fa
وزارت مسکن و شهرسازی. 1389. مقررات ملی ساختمان ایران مبحث نوزدهم صرفه‌جویی در مصرف انرژی. نشر توسعه ایران. تهران. https://inbr.ir/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/mabhas-19.pdf
Abbaszadeh, S. L. Zagreus, D. Leher, and C. Huizenga. 2006. Occupant satisfaction with indoor environment al quality in green https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9rf7p4bs
buildings. Proceesings of Health Buildnigs 3: 365-370. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9rf7p4bs
Azar, A. 2001. Developing of Shannon Entropy Method in Content Analysis. Al-Zahra University, Journal of Humanities 11(37, 38): 1-18. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=21699
Boarin, P., A. Martinez-Molina, and I. Juan-Ferruses. 2020. Understanding students' perception of sustainability in architecture education: A comparison among universities in three different countries. Cleaner Production248(119237):1-17. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652619341071
BREEAM. 2016. BREEAM International New Construction 2016. https://www.breeam.com/BREEAMInt2016SchemeDocument/( accessed July 2020).
Cam, C.N., and B.L. Ong. 2005. Building environmental assessment tools and the multidimensional pathways towards sustainable architecture. Paper presentation. The 2005 world sustainable building conference, Tokyo, Japan https://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB3760.pdf
Chini, A. R. and E. Nasri. 2010. Sustainable development, engineering education and Iranian academe: Strategies and related issues. Journal of Faculty of Engineering 43(2): 191-198. https://jfe.ut.ac.ir/article_20378_en.html
Cole, B.L. 2019. Green building literacy: a framework for advancing green building education. International Journal of STEM Education 6(18): 1-13. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333467982_Green_building_literacy_a_framework_for_advancing_green_building_education
Dias, R.A., C.R. Mattos, and J.A.P. Balestieri. 2004. Energy education: breaking up the rational energy use barriers. Energy Policy 32: 1339-1347. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301421503001009
Donovan, E., and A. Holder.  2016. How architecture students gain and apply knowledge of sustainable architecture. [paper presentation]. Central Europe towards Sustainable Building, Prague. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309583928
Gaulmyn, C., and K. Dupre. 2019. Teaching sustainable design in architecture education: Critical review of easy approach for sustainable and environmental design (EASED). Frontiers of Architectural Research 8(2): 238-260. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209526351930010X
Hikmat, H.A., and S.F. Al Nsairat. 2009. Developing a green building assessment tool for developing countries-case of Jordan. Building and Environment 44(5):1053-1064. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360132308001868
Hoang, C.P., K.A. Kinney, and R.L. Crosi. 2009. Ozone removal by green building. Building and Environment 44(8): 1627- 1633. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360132308002527
LEED. 2016. Checklist: LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. Retrieved from https://www.usgbc.org/resources/checklist-leed-v4-building-design-and-construction( accessed jun 2020)
Li, H., J. Yang, Y. Li, and N. Mo. 2014. Architecture design teaching reform research based on green building concepts. Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586:2718-2721. https://www.scientific.net/AMM.584-586.2718
Taleghani, M., H.R. Ansari, and & P. Jennings. 2011. Sustainability in architecture education: A comparison of Iran and Australia. Renewable Energy 36(7):2021-2025. https://research.tudelft.nl/en/publications/sustainability-in-architectural-education-a-comparison-of-iran-an
World Green Building Council. What is the green building?  Retrieved from https://www.worldgbc.org/what-green-building( accessed July 2020)
Zuo, L., and Z.Y. Zhao. 2014. Green building research-current status and future agenda: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 30(C):271-28. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S136403211300720X